Bringing a dog to the United States from another country is an exciting yet often complex process. Whether you’re moving with your beloved pet, adopting a rescue from overseas, or purchasing a dog from a breeder, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with the regulations, paperwork, and CDC requirements for dogs before making the journey. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) plays a significant role in regulating pet importation to ensure public health and animal safety.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through the paperwork you need, CDC requirements for dogs, tips for smooth international travel with pets, and what to expect when you arrive at U.S. borders.
Understanding CDC Requirements for Dogs
The CDC regulates the importation of dogs into the United States to help prevent the spread of diseases, especially rabies. Dogs coming from countries with a high risk of rabies must meet specific health and safety criteria before being allowed entry into the U.S.
Rabies-Free and High-Risk Countries:
The CDC classifies countries into two categories regarding rabies risk: rabies-free or low-risk countries and high-risk countries. The requirements differ depending on the country from which the dog is being imported.
- Rabies-Free or Low-Risk Countries: Dogs from these countries may face fewer restrictions but still need proof of rabies vaccination in some cases, depending on the dog’s age and vaccination history.
- High-Risk Countries: If you are importing a dog from a high-risk country, it must meet stricter rabies vaccination requirements. Dogs from high-risk countries must either be fully vaccinated and have a valid rabies vaccine certificate or, in some cases, have a CDC Dog Import Permit.
As of 2021, the CDC has temporarily suspended the importation of dogs from certain high-risk countries due to concerns over fraudulent rabies vaccination certificates. Before you make plans, be sure to check the current CDC guidelines for any updates or changes.
Rabies Vaccination Requirements
One of the most crucial aspects of the CDC requirements for dogs is ensuring they are vaccinated against rabies. If they are 16 weeks of age or older, dogs must receive their rabies vaccination at least 30 days before travel.
Valid Rabies Vaccination Certificate: To enter the U.S., dogs must have a valid rabies vaccination certificate that includes the following information:
- The dog owner’s full name and contact details
- The dog’s breed, sex, age, and color
- The date of rabies vaccination and the vaccine’s expiration date
- The name and license number of the veterinarian who administered the vaccine
- The vaccine manufacturer and product information
Ensure that the rabies vaccination certificate is in English or accompanied by a certified translation.
Exceptions for Puppies: Dogs younger than 16 weeks are not eligible for rabies vaccination and are generally not allowed entry from high-risk countries. However, there are some exceptions, particularly if you’re importing a service dog or have obtained a CDC Dog Import Permit.
CDC Dog Import Permit
If you’re importing a dog from a high-risk country that hasn’t yet been vaccinated against rabies or doesn’t meet the standard vaccination timeline, you may need to apply for a CDC Dog Import Permit. This permit allows you to bring a dog into the U.S. under special circumstances, provided you follow all the necessary steps.
Eligibility for a CDC Dog Import Permit: To qualify for a CDC Dog Import Permit, you must:
- Provide proof that the dog is at least six months old
- Have evidence that the dog has received at least two rabies vaccinations, with the second dose administered at least 30 days before entry into the U.S.
- Obtain the permit at least 30 days before traveling
- Agree to quarantine the dog in the U.S. until it is deemed rabies-free by a licensed veterinarian
Not all dogs qualify for the CDC Dog Import Permit, so it’s vital to apply well in advance and consult the CDC guidelines for specific criteria and timelines.
Health Certificate and Vaccinations
In addition to rabies vaccination, many airlines and countries require a health certificate issued by a licensed veterinarian. This certificate confirms that the dog is healthy, fit to travel, and free of contagious diseases.
What a Health Certificate Typically Includes:
- Proof of rabies vaccination and any other required vaccinations
- General health information, including a physical examination
- Confirmation that the dog is free from signs of infectious disease
- The date the certificate was issued (usually must be within 10 days of travel)
Depending on the destination or airline, dogs may need additional vaccinations for distemper, parvovirus, and other common canine illnesses. Check with both the airline and the CDC for a complete list of required vaccinations.
Airline and International Travel Considerations
Once you have the necessary documentation, the next step is preparing your dog for the journey. Traveling with pets can be stressful, especially when flying internationally, but careful preparation can make the process smoother for both you and your pet.
Airline Requirements: Each airline has its own pet travel policies, including crate specifications, travel fees, and guidelines for in-cabin and cargo transportation. Before booking your flight, confirm with the airline the following:
- What types of pet crates are allowed
- If your dog can travel in the cabin or needs to be checked into cargo
- Fees for traveling with pets
- Any breed restrictions or weight limits
Additionally, airlines may have their own health requirements, such as specific vaccinations or health certificates that differ from the CDC’s regulations. Double-check airline rules to ensure you don’t encounter issues at the airport.
Pet Travel Crate
If your dog will be flying as cargo or in the cabin, you’ll need to purchase an International Air Transport Association (IATA) approved travel crate. These crates must meet specific size and safety standards to ensure the dog’s comfort and well-being during the journey.
Crate Size and Specifications:
- The dog should have enough room to stand, turn around, and lie down comfortably
- The crate should have proper ventilation on all sides
- It must have secure, escape-proof locks
- A water dish and food tray must be attached to the inside of the crate door
The crate must be clearly labeled with your contact information, including your phone number, in case of emergencies.
Quarantine Requirements
Some states and U.S. territories may impose quarantine requirements on pets entering from other countries, especially if the dog is from a high-risk rabies area or lacks proof of vaccination.
Quarantine Protocol:
- Quarantine periods can last anywhere from a few days to several months, depending on the dog’s vaccination status and health.
- During quarantine, the dog will be housed in a licensed facility, and you may or may not be allowed to visit your pet.
- The cost of quarantine is the owner’s responsibility, so plan ahead for this potential expense.
Hawaii, for example, has some of the strictest quarantine rules in the U.S. due to its rabies-free status. Before importing a dog to Hawaii, research their specific guidelines to avoid surprises.
Arriving at the U.S. Border
Upon arrival in the United States, a customs or CDC official will review your dog’s paperwork to ensure it meets all the requirements. Be prepared to show:
- The dog’s rabies vaccination certificate
- Any other health documents or vaccination records
- CDC Dog Import Permit (if applicable)
- A valid health certificate
Inspection Process: The inspection process varies depending on the port of entry, the dog’s country of origin, and whether the dog is a service animal. Dogs from high-risk rabies countries may be subject to further examination or quarantine before being allowed to enter the U.S.
If any of your paperwork is missing or incomplete, you may face significant delays. In some cases, the dog may be denied entry and sent back to its country of origin.
Final Thoughts
Navigating the paperwork and CDC requirements for importing dogs can be complicated, but with thorough preparation and planning, it is entirely manageable. Start by checking the CDC’s guidelines, gathering all necessary documents, and ensuring your dog is healthy and up to date on vaccinations. Whether your dog is traveling from a high-risk rabies country or a low-risk country, understanding the rules and following them carefully will ensure a smooth and safe entry into the U.S.
By following the tips and guidelines outlined above, you can ensure that your pet’s journey to their new home is as seamless and stress-free as possible. Always double-check the latest CDC requirements for dogs, work closely with your veterinarian, and contact the airline well in advance to make sure everything is in order. With the right planning, your furry friend will be ready for their adventure in the United States!
